The Traditional Order of Studying the Babylonian Talmud at the Time of the Ga'onim *

According to Rabbi Menachem son of Shlomoh * – “The Me'iri” *

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By the grace of G-d 
Copyright © 2009, 2011 Nathaniel Segal 
  1. Berachot
  2. Ta'anit
  3. Megillah
  4. Chagiga
  5. Yom Tov  (Beitza)
  6. Mo'ed Katan
  7. Rosh HaShana
  8. Yoma
  9. Sukkah
  10. Pesachim
  11. Shekalim
  12. Shabbat
  13. Eiruvin
  14. Chulin

The above first thirteen are called "Mo'ed" – holiday celebrations and commemorations.  However Chulin, the fourteenth, is in the section of the Mishnah called "Taharot" – the subjects of ritual purity.

  1. Kiddushin
  2. Ketubot
  3. Gittin
  4. Yevamot
  5. Sota
  6. Nazir
  7. Nedarim
  8. Nida

The above eight are referred to as "Nashim" – subjects especially concerning women and families.  However Nida, the eighth, is in the section of the Mishnah called "Taharot" – the subjects of ritual purity.

  1. Sanhedrin
  2. Makot
  3. Shevu'ot
  4. Avodah Zarah
  5. Hori'ot
  6. Avot
  7. Edi'ot
  8. Nezikin part 1 - Bava Kama
  9. Nezikin part 2 - Bava Metsia
  10. Nezikin part 3 - Bava Batra

The above ten are called "Nezikin":

  Criminal Law – Laws of Judges and their Law Courts, Witnesses, Legal Penalties and Remedies.

  Civil Law – Damages, Negligence vs. Culpability, Property Rights, Disputes, Misdemeanors.

This entire study order totals thirty-two tractates.  The number thirty-two in Hebrew abbreviation is spelled with the letters that also spell the word 'heart'.

Rabbi Haim Yosef David Azulai (The Hida) is an intermediary source of the information cited above.  He wrote concerning Rabbi Menachem son of Shlomoh:

The Rabbi, of blessed memory, composed a greatly important work of Jewish Law (Halachah *) called Beit HaBechira.*  This composition constitutes six handwritten volumes.  He organized the rulings of Halachah by the order which the Ga'onim would study the Gemara.

This order of the tractates above follows what the Hida wrote.

The editor's source:  Toldot HaPoskim (Lexicon of the Great Jewish Scholars), by Rabbi Shimon Mosheh Chanis of Vilna, printed in Warsaw, 1929.


The name of the grandfather of Rabbi Menachem son of Rabbi Shlomoh was Me'ir,* i.e., his full name was "Rabbi Menachem son of Rabbi Shlomoh son of Rabbi Me'ir."  "Me'iri" is like a family name used, perhaps, to distinguish him from another rabbi whose name was also Menachem son of Shlomoh.  Rabbi Menachem, "The Me'iri," lived in Provence (today's south of France) from about 1249-1315.

To give perspective, the first compilation of daily Jewish Law (Halachah) was completed by the year 1349: the Tur.*  This compilation became the basis for glosses on the Tur (named Beit Yosef *) by Rabbi Joseph Karo in 1542, then expanded and revised by him in 1563 as the Shulchan Aruch * – the Code of Jewish Law / Way of Jewish Life.

Previously, Rabbi Moses Maimonides had completed his masterful and sweeping code of Halachah – the Mishneh Torah.*  His Code covers every aspect of Halachah including laws that had not been applicable since the destruction of the Second Holy Temple in Jerusalem.  Maimonides finished his Code – the Mishneh Torah before he passed away in 1204.


Rav Sherira, a Ga'on himself, dealt systematically with the question of how the Mishnah, Tosefta, Baraitot, and the Talmud were compiled, and the order in which he studied the tractates, which differed from the above order (Lawrence H. Schiffman. Texts and Traditions: A Source Reader for the Study of Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism. [Hoboken, New Jersey: Ktav Publishing House, 1998] p. 537).


Pronunciation and Notes:

Ga'onim - gah OH neem, geh oh NEEM; also spelled Ge'onim; the singular is Ga'on, regardless (seventh to eleventh centuries)

Menachem - meh NAH khem

Shlomoh - SHLOH moh, Solomon

Me'iri - meh EE ree

Mo'ed - moh EHD, MOH ehd

Taharot - ta ha ROHT, taw ha ROHT

Nashim - nah SHEEM, NAH shihm

Nezikin - neh zih KEEN, neh ZEE kihn

Halachah - hah lah KHAH;  also spelled Halacha, Halakhah

Beit HaBechira - BAYT hah beh khih RAH;  translated as "The Chosen Home" (meaning the Holy Temple in Jerusalem)

Me'ir - MEH eer

Tur - TOOHR,  by Rabbi Ya'akov ben Asher, circa 1275 - 1349

Beit Yosef - BAYT YOH sehf;  "Joseph's House"

Shulchan Aruch - SHUHL khan AW ruhkh;  literally, the "Set Table"

Mishneh Torah - MIHSH neh TOH rah

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